Answer:
d. computational intelligence
Explanation:
Neural networks, fuzzy systems, and evolutionary computation are all forms of computational intelligence, where systems develop intelligence through an iterative learning process.
Computational intelligence (CI) is a machine intelligence which usually refers to the ability of a computer to learn or perform a specific task from data or experimental observation. This implies the systems have the ability to learn and generalize from examples and develop intelligence through an iterative process. Computer intelligence is also known as soft computing. The major Computational intelligence are Fuzzy logic, Neural networks and Evolutionary Computing. Presently, Computational Intelligence is an evolving field. New additions are evolving in addition to the three major CI. These new CI include soft computing like artificial endocrine networks, artificial life, ambient intelligence, cultural learning and social reasoning.