From the ninth century to the twelfth century, Islamic culture flourished and crystallized into what we now recognize as Islam. The military expansions of the earlier period spread Islam in name only; it was later that Islamic culture truly spread, with people converting to Islam in large numbers.
This spread of Islamic culture was facilitated by trade, missionaries, and changes in the political structure of Islamic society. As a result, we encounter multiple different interpretations of Islam across many different Islamic societies.
Step-by-step explanation: