Answer:
1. distributive
2. associative
Explanation:
In the first one, they are distributing 16 + 23 by the 4.
Therefore it is distributive property as they are splitting and then separately multiplying.
In the second one, the parentheses are shifted. The shifting of parentheses indicates priority, and the associative property says in addition you can choose what you'd like to do first and it won't change the answer.