Question

Why do sun spots appear darker than their surroundings

Answer 1

they are comer than their surroundings.

Sunspots are cooler because their magnetic fields inhibit the replenishing of heat from convective flows (due to the interaction between plasma and magnetic fields). This allows them to cool radiatively. The rest of the solar surface is constantly being replenished by convective cells that reheat it.

Answer 2

because they are significantly cooler than the rest of the Sun's surface Despite their gloomy appearance, they are nonetheless extremely hot. A sunspot would shine brightly if it were alone in space.

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