Answer:
A counterclaim in simple terms means making a point to "counter" a previous claim.
For example, if you say to someone, "Apples are the best type of fruit", this is a claim.
If the person replies, "No, bananas are the best", that is a counterclaim.
It is a response to a claim.
Therefore, you can find a counterclaim in a speech by first identifying the claim in the speech and looking out for any statement or claim that tries to counter that claim.