Answer:
They are upstream inputs because they are needed for production
Step-by-step explanation:
Upstream inputs are those inputs that are needed for the production of goods and services, for example: raw materials, or energy. This is in opposition to downstream inputs, which are those needed for the selling and distribution of goods and services, like a truck.
Energy, fertilizers, pesticides, and seeds are all upstream inputs because they are raw materials used to obtain agricultural goods from the soil.