Final answer:
Martin Luther created the Ninety-Five Theses, which launched the Reformation, John Calvin founded Calvinism with beliefs including predestination, and King Henry VIII established the Anglican Church as part of the English Reformation.
Step-by-step explanation:
During the Reformation, each reformer had unique contributions. Martin Luther, a German monk and theology professor, sparked the Protestant Reformation and criticized the Catholic Church's practice of selling indulgences. His posting of the Ninety-Five Theses in 1517 at the Castle Church door in Wittenberg became a crucial moment in religious history. John Calvin, a central figure in the development of Calvinism, which spread through parts of Europe, advocated for predestination and a religion similar to Lutheranism, emphasizing scripture's authority over church traditions and hierarchy. King Henry VIII, although not initially aligned with Protestant reforms, established the Anglican Church following his dispute with the Pope over an annulment, leading to the English Reformation.