Answer:
The characterization of the Continental Army as more of a mob than an army in its early stages is a reflection of the challenges and circumstances it faced during the American Revolutionary War (1775-1783). Several factors contributed to this perception:
- Lack of Training: Many of the early recruits in the Continental Army had little to no military training. They were often farmers, tradesmen, and volunteers who joined the cause for various reasons, including a desire for independence from British rule. This lack of training made it difficult for them to function as a well-disciplined military force.
- Shortage of Resources: The Continental Army faced severe shortages of essential resources, including uniforms, weapons, ammunition, and food. This scarcity often led to disorganized and haphazard operations.
- Inadequate Leadership: In the early stages of the war, the Continental Army had a shortage of experienced military leaders. While figures like George Washington provided leadership, there was a lack of overall command structure and coordination. Additionally, some officers were inexperienced and struggled to maintain discipline and order among the troops.
- High Turnover: The Continental Army had a high turnover rate due to short enlistment terms and the challenges of maintaining a standing army. This turnover made it difficult to maintain a cohesive and disciplined force.
- Militia Contributions: The American Revolutionary War relied on a combination of Continental Army units and local militias. Militias, while providing valuable support, often operated independently and lacked the training and discipline of a regular army.
Despite these challenges, the Continental Army evolved over time. It received training from foreign officers like the Marquis de Lafayette and Baron von Steuben, and its discipline and organization improved. Additionally, it benefited from increased support from the Continental Congress and foreign allies, such as France.
By the end of the war, the Continental Army had transformed into a more disciplined and effective fighting force. The Siege of Yorktown in 1781, which resulted in a decisive American victory, showcased the army's growth and ability to conduct coordinated military operations. Ultimately, while it may have been perceived as a "mob" early on, the Continental Army's determination, adaptability, and development allowed it to play a crucial role in securing American independence.