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The signature and seal of the Ottoman sultan is called a?

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Final answer:

The signature and seal of the Ottoman sultan is known as a Tughra. It is a distinctive calligraphic monogram or seal used by the sultan on official documents, bearing the sultan's name and his father's name, and the phrase 'eternally victorious'. This custom occurred in the context of the Ottoman Empire, a significant Islamic empire that stood at the crossroads of Europe, Asia, and Africa.

Step-by-step explanation:

The signature and seal of the Ottoman sultan is referred to as a Tughra. This was a distinctive calligraphic monogram or seal that a sultan would use on official documents or correspondence. It would generally include the sultan's name and his father's name along with the phrase 'eternally victorious'. For context, the Ottoman Empire was a significant and long-lasting Islamic Empire of the early modern world. It was formed by a small group of Turkic-speaking warriors, along with Anatolian and Balkan Christian warlords and their followers, at the end of the thirteenth century. The empire stood at the crossroads of Europe, Asia, and Africa, ruling over a diverse population in terms of ethnicity, language, and religion. The Ottoman sultans, such as Sultan Suleiman I in the sixteenth century, were known for their legal innovations and significant military advances. They had revised laws in the Ottoman Empire to ensure compliance with Islamic principles and developed a unified law code. Sultans also used Tughra to provide an authoritative and recognizable mark on these governmental edicts and reforms.

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