Answer:
average rate of change = - 0.5
Explanation:
the average rate of change of f(x) in the closed interval [ a, b ] is

here the closed interval is [ 1, 3 ] , then
f(b) = f(3) = 4 ← point (3, 4 ) on graph
f(a) = f(1) = 5 ← point (1, 5 ) on graph
Then
average rate of change =
=
= - 0.5