Answer:
Step-by-step explanation:
1. During what phase of mitosis do centromeres divide and the chromosomes move toward their respective poles?
- Anaphase
2. What is the phase where chromatin condenses to form chromosomes?
- Prophase
3. What is the name of the structure that connects the two chromatids?
- Centromere
4. In a chromosome pair connected by a centromere, what is each individual chromosome called?
- Sister chromatids
5. What are the two parts of cell division?
- Mitosis and cytokinesis
6. What structure forms in prophase along which the chromosomes move?
- Spindle fibers
7. Which phase of mitosis is the last phase where chromatids are together?
- Metaphase
8. Which phase of the cell cycle is characterized by a non-dividing cell?
- Interphase
9. What structure is produced when protein fibers radiate from centrioles?
- Spindle apparatus
10. What forms across the center of a plant cell near the end of telophase?
- Cell plate
11. The period of cell growth and development between mitotic divisions is called:
- Interphase
Regarding the diagram:
a. The cells depicted in the diagram are animal cells. This can be inferred from the absence of a cell wall and the presence of a centriole structure.
b. If it were plant cells, the main difference in the diagrams would be the presence of a cell wall surrounding the cells and the absence of centrioles. Additionally, during cytokinesis, a cell plate would form instead of a cleavage furrow.
2nd part)
5. Using the picture of the Cell Cycle, write the name of each phase:
A. Interphase
B. Prophase
C. Metaphase
D. Anaphase
6. The result of cells dividing uncontrollably is called uncontrolled cell division or cell proliferation. This can lead to the formation of tumors or cancer.
7. The four stages of mitosis in order are:
- Prophase
- Metaphase
- Anaphase
- Telophase
Memory Tricks:
- Passed My Algebra Test: Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase (order of mitosis phases)
- Commended: Cytokinesis (last phase of the cell cycle)
Additional information:
- During prophase, chromosomes coil and condense, and the nuclear membrane disappears.
- During metaphase, chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell, and spindle fibers attach at their center.
- During anaphase, spindle fibers pull chromosomes apart, and sister chromatids move to the poles of the cell.
- During telophase, chromosomes relax, and nuclear envelopes develop around each set of genetic material.
- Cytokinesis is the process of cell division, where the cytoplasm splits, forming two daughter cells.
3rd part)
The cell cycle is a series of events that cells go through as they divide. It consists of different phases, each with specific tasks and goals.
1. Interphase (G₁ phase): During this phase, the cell grows and carries out its normal functions. It prepares for cell division by increasing its size, synthesizing proteins and organelles, and replicating its DNA.
2. Synthesis phase (S phase): In this phase, the cell replicates its DNA, ensuring that each new cell will receive an identical copy of genetic material.
3. Gap 2 phase (G₂ phase): The cell continues to grow and prepares for mitosis, the division of its nucleus. It synthesizes proteins and organelles needed for cell division.
4. Mitosis: This is the phase where the nucleus divides. It consists of four stages:
a. Prophase: Chromosomes condense and become visible. The nuclear membrane dissolves, and spindle fibers begin to form.
b. Metaphase: Chromosomes align at the center of the cell, and spindle fibers attach to their centromeres.
c. Anaphase: Sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles of the cell, pulled by spindle fibers.
d. Telophase: Chromosomes reach the poles of the cell, and new nuclear membranes form around them. The cell prepares for cytokinesis.
5. Cytokinesis: This is the final stage of cell division, where the cytoplasm splits, and two daughter cells are formed. Each daughter cell receives a complete set of chromosomes and other organelles.
The cell cycle is essential for growth, development, and tissue repair. However, when cells divide uncontrollably and without regulation, it can lead to the formation of tumors and cancer.
Remember, the cell cycle consists of interphase (G₁ phase, S phase, G₂ phase) and mitosis (prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase), followed by cytokinesis. Each phase has specific functions and contributes to the overall process of cell division.
4th part)