Final answer:
In the third trimester, insulin requirements for diabetic mothers increase due to hormonal changes leading to decreased insulin sensitivity. More insulin is needed to manage elevated glucose levels and ensure a consistent supply of energy and nutrients to the fetus. Monitoring insulin and glucagon levels is crucial to keep mother and fetus healthy.
Step-by-step explanation:
Compared to the first trimester, the insulin requirements for the diabetic mother in the third trimester are greater. This is principally due to hormonal changes that exert a lesser degree of insulin sensitivity and insulin resistance is far more likely in the third trimester. Increased insulin resistance means that the body needs more insulin to achieve the same glucose-lowering effects.
This consequence of hormonal changes could lead the pancreas to be in the state of over-producing insulin in an attempt to manage elevated blood glucose levels. When blood glucose levels rise, typically after a meal, insulin production is stimulated to sequester glucose from the blood. In other words, insulin injections allow the transport and storage of glucose to decrease blood glucose levels after consuming a large or high-glucose meal. It ensures that the fetus has a consistent supply of energy and nutrients.
Error in functioning of insulin and fluctuation in the glucose levels can also affect glucagon levels. Keeping blood glucose at a healthy level is paramount to avoid complications in both the mother and the fetus.
Learn more about Insulin Requirements