Question

Based on the data, which of the following best represents how the mice with the implanted hESC-β cells use negative feedback to return blood glucose levels to normal if blood glucose levels increase? A Decreased insulin secretion by body cells → increased glucose uptake by mouse β-cells → increased insulin secretion by body cells B Increased insulin production by mouse β-cells → increased glucose uptake by hESC-β cells → decreased glucose metabolism by body cells C Increased insulin secretion by hESC-β cells → increased glucose uptake by body cells → decreased insulin secretion by hESC-β cells D Increased metabolism of glucose by hESC-β cells → differentiation of hESC-β cell into body cells → increased glucose production by body cells

Answer 1

The mice with the implanted hESC-β cells use negative feedback to return blood glucose levels to normal by decreasing insulin secretion by body cells, increasing glucose uptake by mouse β-cells, and then increasing insulin secretion by body cells.

Step-by-step explanation:

The correct answer choice that represents how mice with implanted hESC-β cells use negative feedback to return blood glucose levels to normal when blood glucose levels increase is A) Decreased insulin secretion by body cells → increased glucose uptake by mouse β-cells → increased insulin secretion by body cells.

When blood glucose levels increase, body cells decrease their insulin secretion. This leads to an increased glucose uptake by mouse β-cells. As a result, mouse β-cells increase their insulin secretion by body cells, which helps to return blood glucose levels to normal.

Answer 2

Option C best represents the negative feedback mechanism involving hESC-β cells where increased insulin secretion by hESC-β cells leads to increased glucose uptake by body cells, followed by a decrease in insulin secretion.

Step-by-step explanation:

Based on the data, the best representation of how mice with implanted human embryonic stem cell-derived beta (hESC-β) cells use negative feedback to return blood glucose levels to normal if blood glucose levels increase is option C: Increased insulin secretion by hESC-β cells → increased glucose uptake by body cells → decreased insulin secretion by hESC-β cells.

This sequence accurately depicts the physiological process known as negative feedback, which involves the regulation of blood glucose levels. When blood glucose levels rise, hESC-β cells secrete insulin, which encourages body cells to uptake glucose, thereby reducing blood glucose levels. As a result, insulin secretion by the hESC-β cells decreases due to the lowered blood glucose, completing the negative feedback loop.