Final answer:
The art technique described in your question is called Trompe-l'oeil. It uses realistic imagery to create the optical illusion of three-dimensional objects. Another technique that contributes to the illusion of depth and three-dimensionality is linear perspective, which was demonstrated in Masaccio's fresco Trinity during the Renaissance.
Step-by-step explanation:
The art technique mentioned in your question is known as Trompe-l'oeil. This technique involves the use of realistic imagery to create the optical illusion that depicted objects exist in three dimensions. However, Giulio Romano's fresco paintings and the other art examples you provided, including the Roman and Paleolithic art, all share a common pursuit: the creation of a sense of realism and depth in the image.
A significant technique employed by many artists to achieve this is linear perspective, a system introduced during the Renaissance period, as shown in Masaccio's fresco Trinity. Linear perspective involves arranging objects and their surrounding space based on the viewer's point of view, leading to the illusion of depth and volume on a flat surface.
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