1) Renewable and nonrenewable resources are two distinct types of natural resources with significant differences:
Renewable resources: These are resources that can be replenished or regenerated naturally over a relatively short period. They are essentially inexhaustible in the long run. Examples include sunlight, wind, water (hydroelectric power), biomass, and geothermal energy. Renewable resources are sustainable and have minimal negative impacts on the environment. They are often considered more environmentally friendly and are vital for reducing reliance on nonrenewable resources.
Nonrenewable resources: These are resources that exist in limited quantities and cannot be replenished within a human timeframe. They are formed over millions of years through geological processes. Once these resources are extracted and consumed, they are depleted and cannot be easily replaced. Examples of nonrenewable resources include fossil fuels (coal, oil, natural gas), minerals (such as iron, copper, and gold), and nuclear fuels (uranium). Nonrenewable resources are finite, have significant environmental impacts during extraction and combustion, and contribute to issues such as pollution and climate change.
In summary, the key differences between renewable and nonrenewable resources lie in their ability to be replenished naturally and their environmental impacts.
2) Nonrenewable resources are distributed unevenly throughout the globe. Here are some general patterns of their distribution:
a) Fossil Fuels: Oil, coal, and natural gas deposits are concentrated in specific regions. For example, oil reserves can be found in the Middle East (such as Saudi Arabia and Iraq), Russia, Venezuela, and other countries. Coal reserves are abundant in countries like the United States, Russia, China, and Australia. Natural gas reserves are found in regions like Russia, the Middle East, and the United States.
b) Minerals: The distribution of mineral resources varies depending on the type of mineral. For instance, iron ore deposits are widespread, with significant reserves in countries like Australia, Brazil, and China. Copper reserves are found in countries including Chile, Peru, and the United States. Gold reserves are concentrated in countries like South Africa, Russia, and Australia.
c) Uranium: Uranium, a key fuel for nuclear power, is unevenly distributed. Major producers include Kazakhstan, Canada, Australia, and Niger.
These distribution patterns are influenced by geological processes, historical factors, and exploration efforts. It's important to note that resource availability does not necessarily guarantee resource accessibility or economic viability, as extraction and transportation costs also play a role.