There are many factors that can impact a location's climate, including geography, altitude, oceans and water masses, the rotation of the Earth, and the presence of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. However, the biggest impact on a location's climate is typically its distance from the equator and the presence of mountains or other topographical features.
For example, the equator has a warm, tropical climate, while the poles have cold, arctic climates. This is because the sun's rays hit the equator more directly than other latitudes, causing temperatures to rise. Additionally, the presence of tall mountain ranges can cause rain shadows and create dry climates on one side and wet, humid climates on the other.
Another important factor is the ocean currents that bring warm or cold water to the coast. For instance, the Gulf Stream brings warm water from the equatorial region to the east coast of the United States, which helps to moderate its winters.
In general, the distance from the equator and the geography of a location play a significant role in determining its climate, but many other factors can also play a role, making climate a complex and multifaceted phenomenon.