Answer:
Explanation:
(A) Sample:
The sample in this study refers to the specific group of individuals who were involved in the research, whose sleep duration and standardized test performance were analyzed. This group would have been carefully selected and might consist of a representative sample of students.
(B) Population:
The population is the larger group that the study's findings aim to generalize to. In this case, the population would be all individuals (students) for whom the study's conclusions are intended to apply. This could include students of a certain age range, from a specific region, or under certain educational circumstances.
(C) Descriptive Branch of Statistics:
The descriptive branch of statistics involves summarizing and describing data to provide insights into its features. In this study, the part that represents the descriptive branch of statistics could be the analysis of the relationship between sleep duration and test performance within the sample. Descriptive statistics might include measures such as mean sleep duration, standard deviation, mean test scores, and other relevant statistical measures.
(D) Inference about the Population:
Based on the study's results, an inference about the population could be made. For instance, if the study found that participants closer to the optimal sleep duration performed better on the test, it could be inferred that in the larger population (all students), those who align their sleep duration more closely to the optimal target may perform better on standardized tests. However, it's important to note that this inference must be made cautiously and is subject to the representativeness and validity of the sample used in the study.