Final answer:
Climatology, a part of atmospheric science, studies long-term weather patterns known as climate. Climate and its changes have a profound impact on various facets of life, from farming to coastal cities' viability. A climograph does not refer to an instrument but the scientific study of climate.
Step-by-step explanation:
A climograph is not a mechanical instrument for measuring climates. Rather, climatology is the study of the climate, focusing on the long-term, predictable atmospheric conditions that occur over decades, centuries, and millennia. Climatology forms a part of the broader field of atmospheric science which also includes meteorology, the study of weather in the short term.
Climate refers to longstanding atmospheric conditions in certain areas, characterized by consistent seasonal temperature and rainfall ranges. It differs from weather, which refers to the conditions of the atmosphere during a short period of time.
Understanding climate and its patterns is crucial since changes in climate can have devastating effects, impacting everything from agriculture to the viability of coastal cities due to rising sea levels. Modern farming, for instance, is highly sensitive to changes in temperature and rainfall.
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