Question

Fill in the blanks (complete each statement with the correct term): 1) In infants, the _______ response is normal when testing the plantar reflex. 2) When testing the plantar reflex in an adult, extension of the toes may indicate damage to the ______ somewhere along the reflex arc. 3) In the _______ reflex, a muscle contracts when the load increases. 4) The center of the patellar reflex is in the ________ . 5) A stretch reflex involving the biceps brachii muscle causes ________ of the elbow if the biceps muscle is stretched. 6) In the triceps reflex demonstration, the triceps muscle was the effector, and one or more _________ were the receptors. 7) If the Achilles (calcaneal) tendon is tapped, one would expect the ankle to _________.

Answer 1

In infants, the Babinski response is normal when testing the plantar reflex. 2) When testing the plantar reflex in an adult, extension of the toes may indicate damage to the corticospinal tract somewhere along the reflex arc. 3) In the Golgi tendon reflex, a muscle contracts when the load increases. 4) The center of the patellar reflex is in the spinal cord. 5) A stretch reflex involving the biceps brachii muscle causes flexion of the elbow if the biceps muscle is stretched. 6) In the triceps reflex demonstration, the triceps muscle was the effector, and one or more muscle spindles were the receptors. 7) If the Achilles (calcaneal) tendon is tapped, one would expect the ankle to plantar flex.

Step-by-step explanation:

The Babinski response is a normal plantar reflex in infants where the big toe dorsiflexes and the other toes fan out in response to the sole of the foot being stroked. This is considered normal in infants but abnormal in adults.

In adults, extension of the toes during the plantar reflex may indicate damage to the corticospinal tract. The normal response in adults is plantar flexion of the toes.

The Golgi tendon reflex is a protective mechanism where a muscle contracts in response to an excessive load to prevent injury. It operates through the Golgi tendon organs, which are sensitive to tension in the tendon.

The center of the patellar reflex, a type of stretch reflex, is in the spinal cord. This reflex involves the contraction of the quadriceps muscle in response to stretching of the patellar tendon.

The stretch reflex involving the biceps brachii muscle causes flexion of the elbow when the muscle is stretched, demonstrating the normal response of the muscle to a sudden stretch.

In the triceps reflex, the triceps muscle serves as the effector, and the muscle spindles act as receptors, detecting changes in muscle length.

Tapping the Achilles tendon typically induces plantar flexion of the ankle, a normal response in the Achilles reflex.

Answer 2

1.Babinski

2.pyramidal tract

3.stretch (or myotatic)

4.lumbar region of the spinal cord

5.flexion

6.muscle spindles

7.plantar flex.

1) In infants, the Babinski response is normal when testing the plantar reflex. This is characterized by fanning out of the toes and is considered normal in infants up to around 2 years of age.

2) When testing the plantar reflex in an adult, extension of the toes may indicate damage to the pyramidal tract (or corticospinal tract) somewhere along the reflex arc. This is because the adult plantar reflex should result in the curling of toes or no movement, not an extension.

3) In the stretch (or myotatic) reflex, a muscle contracts when the load increases. This reflex helps maintain muscle tone and posture.

4) The center of the patellar reflex is in the lumbar region of the spinal cord, specifically between the levels of L2 and L4.

5) A stretch reflex involving the biceps brachii muscle causes flexion of the elbow if the biceps muscle is stretched. This is also known as the biceps reflex.

6) In the triceps reflex demonstration, the triceps muscle was the effector, and one or more muscle spindles were the receptors. Muscle spindles are sensory receptors within the muscle that detect changes in the length of the muscle.

7) If the Achilles (calcaneal) tendon is tapped, one would expect the ankle to plantar flex. This is the expected response from the Achilles reflex, which involves the S1 and S2 nerve roots.