Question

Classical conditioning involves a learned association between A. two responses. B. reinforcers and punishers. C. two stimuli. D. behavior and its consequence. E. two reinforcers.

Answer 1

Classical conditioning involves a learned association between C. two stimuli, like example of Pavlov's experiments where a bell's ring (conditioned stimulus) is associated with food (unconditioned stimulus) to elicit salivation (conditioned response).

Step-by-step explanation:

Classical conditioning involves a learned association between two stimuli. It is a process where the organism learns to connect a previously neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus to elicit an unconditioned response. When this association is repeatedly made, the once neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus that provokes the same or similar response, now considered a conditioned response.

Conversely, operant conditioning involves an association between a voluntary behavior and its consequence. A good example of operant conditioning would be training a dog to sit; when the dog sits on command, it receives a treat (positive reinforcement), thereby increasing the likelihood of the behavior being repeated in the future.

Answer 2

Classical conditioning involves a learned association between two stimuli, specifically a neutral stimulus that becomes a conditioned stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus that naturally elicits a response.

Step-by-step explanation:

Classical Conditioning

Classical conditioning involves a learned association between two stimuli, making option C the correct answer. This type of learning was first described by Ivan Pavlov, an example of which is when a dog salivates—what is known as the conditioned response—upon hearing a bell ring after the bell has been consistently paired with the presentation of food. Over time, through the pairing of these two stimuli, the previously neutral stimulus (bell) becomes a conditioned stimulus that elicits a similar response to the one naturally triggered by food, known as the unconditioned stimulus. Unlike operant conditioning, where a behavior is associated with its consequence, classical conditioning pairs a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus to create a conditioned response.

Conditioning can sometimes occur through single pairing experiments, although multiple exposures are often required to strengthen the association. This associative learning is a fundamental concept in behaviorism, which focuses on observable behaviors that can be altered through environmental changes or behavioral modifications.