Answer: The statement that correctly describes the primary function of the corpus luteum is B: To produce progesterone and support pregnancy.
Step-by-step explanation:
The corpus luteum is a temporary endocrine structure that forms in the ovary after the release of an egg during ovulation. Its main function is to produce and secrete the hormone progesterone.
Progesterone plays a crucial role in preparing and maintaining the uterus for pregnancy. After ovulation, if the released egg is fertilized, it travels down the fallopian tube and implants itself into the uterine lining. The corpus luteum continues to produce progesterone, which helps to thicken and maintain the uterine lining, making it suitable for the implantation and development of a fertilized egg.
If pregnancy occurs, the corpus luteum will persist and continue producing progesterone throughout the early stages until the placenta takes over hormone production. Progesterone helps to support the development of the embryo and the maintenance of the pregnancy by inhibiting contractions of the uterus and suppressing the immune response to prevent rejection of the developing embryo.
However, if fertilization does not occur, the corpus luteum will degenerate and transform into a structure called the corpus albicans, leading to a decrease in progesterone production. This decrease in progesterone triggers the shedding of the uterine lining, resulting in menstruation.
In summary, the primary function of the corpus luteum is to produce progesterone and support pregnancy by preparing and maintaining the uterine lining for implantation and providing hormonal support for early embryonic development.