Final answer:
The Zhou Dynasty established a decentralized feudal system that extended control over vast territories and fostered a shared cultural identity. They also developed the 'Mandate of Heaven', a doctrine that held a dynasty's right to rule was divinely granted and could be forfeited if the rulers were unjust or immoral.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Zhou Dynasty had several significant achievements that influenced and shaped ancient Chinese civilization. Two of the major achievements include the introduction of a decentralized, feudal political system and the development of the concept of the 'Mandate of Heaven'.
Decentralized Feudal System
The Zhou Dynasty introduced a unique form of governance known as a decentralized feudal system. In this system, land and power were distributed to local leaders in exchange for loyalty and military service. This helped extend Zhou control over a vast territory and facilitated the integration and cooperation of various autonomous groups. While this system presented some challenges, such as power struggles among regional lords, it played a significant role in fostering a shared cultural identity that was key to the formation of Chinese civilization.
Mandate of Heaven
Secondly, the Zhou Dynasty formalized the concept of the 'Mandate of Heaven'. This was a spiritual and political doctrine that claimed a dynasty's right to rule was divinely granted and could be forfeited through immoral or unjust actions. This concept deeply influenced Chinese political ideology and understanding of dynastic cycles for many centuries to come, pressuring dynastic rulers to exhibit moral leadership and responsiveness to the welfare of their subjects in order to retain the favor of heaven.
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