Question

TNF and related cytokines can directly induce apoptosis. Which statement about TNF-mediated induction of apoptosis is true? a) TNF promotes cell proliferation. b) TNF inhibits the immune response. c) TNF-induced apoptosis is a protective mechanism. d) TNF-induced apoptosis can contribute to tissue damage and inflammation.

Answer 1

Answer:D

Explanation:TNF, or Tumor Necrosis Factor, is a cytokine involved in various biological processes, including inflammation and immune response. When TNF binds to its receptors on the cell surface, it can activate a signaling pathway that leads to apoptosis, which is programmed cell death.

While TNF-induced apoptosis can serve as a protective mechanism by eliminating infected or damaged cells, excessive or dysregulated TNF signaling can result in tissue damage and inflammation. TNF-induced apoptosis can contribute to the destruction of cells and tissues, leading to tissue damage and promoting inflammation.

Therefore, the statement that TNF-induced apoptosis can contribute to tissue damage and inflammation is true.