Final answer:
The kind of memory that preserves data over long periods, even without a power source, is ROM (Read-Only Memory). It is a type of non-volatile storage utilized to store firmware, such as a computer's BIOS.
Step-by-step explanation:
A type of memory that can hold data for long periods of time even when there is no power to the computer is called b) ROM (Read-Only Memory). ROM is a type of non-volatile storage, which means that it can retain information even when the computer or device is not powered. Essentially, ROM is used to store firmware, or software that is permanently written into a hardware device such as a computer's BIOS.
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