Answer:
B
Step-by-step explanation:
In paragraph 13, the word "adverse" means to negatively prevent.
The word "adverse" is commonly used to describe something that has a negative or harmful effect. In the context of the paragraph, it suggests that the subject or situation being referred to is preventing or hindering progress or success. It implies that there are unfavorable or detrimental circumstances at play that are causing difficulties or challenges.
To provide a clearer understanding, here's an example: If someone says, "The adverse weather conditions forced the cancellation of the outdoor event," it means that the unfavorable weather conditions had a negative impact and prevented the event from taking place as planned.
Therefore, in the given context of paragraph 13, "adverse" refers to something that has a negative or unfavorable effect, indicating that it is preventing progress or success.