Question

Hoosier education prior to the Civil War was

Primarily organized by religiously motivated individuals who were convinced the
illiteracy, immorality, and heathenism were tools of the devil.
Underdeveloped and unorganized, lacking a state-wide system.
Perceived as a luxury that could not be indulged until after material security was
obtained.
All of the above.

Answer 1

The statement "All of the above" is correct. Hoosier education prior to the Civil War encompassed all three of these characteristics:

1. **Primarily organized by religiously motivated individuals:** Many early schools in Indiana (referred to as "Hoosier" education) were indeed organized and run by religiously motivated individuals who believed that education was a means to combat illiteracy, immorality, and what they considered heathenism. They saw education as a way to promote moral values and counteract what they perceived as negative influences.

2. **Underdeveloped and unorganized:** Education in early Indiana was often underdeveloped and lacked a coherent, statewide system. It was fragmented and varied significantly in quality and accessibility across different regions.

3. **Perceived as a luxury:** Education was sometimes considered a luxury that many families couldn't afford, especially when their primary focus was on obtaining material security, such as meeting basic needs for food, shelter, and survival. This perception often delayed investments in education.

So, all of these characteristics describe Hoosier education prior to the Civil War.