Answer| Explanation: To solve for molarity, follow these steps:
1. Determine the moles of solute: Start by calculating the number of moles of the solute, which is the substance being dissolved in the solution. You can use the formula moles = mass / molar mass. If you are given the mass of the solute, divide it by the molar mass of the solute (in grams per mole) to find the number of moles.
2. Calculate the volume of the solution: Next, determine the volume of the solution in liters. This refers to the total amount of solution, including both the solvent (usually water) and the solute. Make sure to convert any given volume from other units (such as milliliters or cubic centimeters) to liters.
3. Apply the formula: Once you have the moles of solute and the volume of the solution, you can use the formula for molarity, which is defined as moles of solute per liter of solution. The formula is given as: Molarity (M) = moles of solute / volume of solution (in liters).
4. Calculate and state the molarity: Substitute the values you obtained into the molarity formula and perform the calculation to find the molarity of the solution. Make sure to include the appropriate units (moles per liter or M) when stating the molarity.
For example, if you have 5 grams of solute with a molar mass of 10 g/mol dissolved in a total volume of 2 liters, the steps would be as follows:
1. Calculate the moles of solute: moles = mass / molar mass = 5 g / 10 g/mol = 0.5 mol.
2. Determine the volume of the solution: 2 liters.
3. Apply the formula: Molarity (M) = moles of solute / volume of solution = 0.5 mol / 2 L = 0.25 M.
4. The molarity of the solution is 0.25 M.
Remember to pay attention to significant figures and units throughout the calculation. Practice solving various problems involving molarity to enhance your understanding and proficiency.