The type of stem cell that can specifically differentiate into different types of blood cells is known as a "hematopoietic stem cell" (HSC). Hematopoietic stem cells are a type of multipotent stem cell found in the bone marrow and, to a lesser extent, in peripheral blood. They have the unique ability to give rise to all the different types of blood cells found in the body, including red blood cells (erythrocytes), white blood cells (leukocytes), and platelets (thrombocytes). The process of differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells into these specialized blood cell types is called hematopoiesis. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is a common medical procedure used to treat various blood disorders, such as leukemia and aplastic anemia, where the patient's own hematopoietic stem cells may be replaced with healthy donor stem cells to restore normal blood cell production.