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Here are some key facts about Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon being hired to survey the border between Maryland and Pennsylvania in the 1760s:
In 1763, after long-standing disputes between Maryland and Pennsylvania over their shared border, the two colonies agreed to engage two surveyors to clearly define the boundary line.
Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon were chosen as the surveyors. Mason was an experienced astronomer from England, while Dixon was a seasoned surveyor from Durham.
They were tasked with defining the boundary based on the guidelines laid out in the original charters granted to the colonies by the English crown in the 1600s.
Beginning in 1763, Mason and Dixon spent several years surveying the territory, dealing with dangerous terrain and opposition from local settlers. They used astronomical observations and triangulation to mark the boundary.
In 1767, they completed establishing the boundary line that later became known as the Mason-Dixon line. It extended for over 230 miles between Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Delaware.
The Mason-Dixon line later took on additional significance, informally dividing the North and South in the Civil War era due to slavery being legal south of the line but illegal in the north.
Today, the original Mason-Dixon line is still considered the de facto boundary between Pennsylvania, Maryland, Delaware, and West Virginia.
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