Final answer:
The rulers of the First Civilization who based their authority on the Mandate of Heaven were from China. This Chinese philosophy held that the ruler had divine sanction to rule but could lose it due to injustice.
Step-by-step explanation:
The rulers of the First Civilization that based their authority on the Mandate of Heaven were from China. The Mandate of Heaven was a Chinese philosophy that played a crucial role in the legitimacy of rulers. This doctrine held that the king or emperor was chosen and sanctioned by heaven to rule due to his moral character and virtuous deeds. If ruler becomes unjust, the heaven would be displeased and withdraw the mandate, leading to the disapproval and overthrow of the ruler and dynasty.
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