Answer:
Bussey and Bandura (1999) proposed that gendered behavior is encouraged by three modes of influence, which are often referred to as the "three modes of agency." These modes are:
1. **Enactive Mode**: This mode involves learning through direct personal experiences. It refers to the ways in which individuals learn from the consequences of their own actions. For example, if a child is praised and rewarded for engaging in gender-stereotypical behavior (e.g., a boy is praised for playing with trucks), they are more likely to continue and reinforce such behavior.
2. **Vicarious Mode**: In this mode, individuals learn by observing and modeling the behavior of others, especially role models or significant figures in their lives. Children often look up to adults, peers, and media figures to learn how to behave in gender-appropriate ways. If they see someone of the same gender engaging in certain behaviors, they are more likely to imitate them.
3. **Symbolic Mode**: The symbolic mode involves learning through language and symbols. It refers to the ways in which individuals acquire and internalize gender-related beliefs and values through communication, language, and cultural symbols. For instance, children may be exposed to gender stereotypes through stories, media, or societal norms, which can shape their understanding of what is considered appropriate behavior for their gender.
These three modes of influence interact and work together to shape an individual's gendered behavior. According to Bussey and Bandura, these modes play a crucial role in the development and reinforcement of gender roles and stereotypes in society.
Step-by-step explanation: