Question

Enlightenment ideas led to many important historical achievements. Match each achievement to the idea from which it developed. a) Idea: Separation of powers Achievement: United States Constitution b) Idea: Social contract Achievement: Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen c) Idea: Divine right of kings Achievement: Industrial Revolution d) Idea: Laissez-faire economics Achievement: Magna Carta

Answer 1

The Enlightenment philosophy deeply influenced the formation of the United States Constitution, which embodies the idea of separation of powers, and the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, which stems from the concept of the social contract. The Industrial Revolution and the Magna Carta are not directly linked to the specified Enlightenment ideas of divine right of kings and laissez-faire economics respectively.

Step-by-step explanation:

The Enlightenment was a transformative philosophical and intellectual movement that occurred in Europe during the 18th century. It emphasized reason, science, and the potential for progress in human societies. Enlightenment ideas played a crucial role in shaping several notable historical events and documents.

• Idea: Separation of powers - Achievement: United States Constitution. This principle, particularly advocated by Baron de Montesquieu, influenced the founding fathers to establish a government with distinct executive, legislative, and judicial branches to prevent the concentration of power.
• Idea: Social contract - Achievement: Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen. The concept, primarily associated with Jean-Jacques Rousseau and John Locke, influenced this French revolutionary document which embodied the rights of individuals and the legitimacy of governmental authority as deriving from the people.
• Idea: Divine right of kings - This idea, challenged by Enlightenment thinkers, does not align with the Industrial Revolution, which was more a result of scientific progress and economic change than any specific Enlightenment political theory.
• Idea: Laissez-faire economics - While this concept of limited government intervention in economics, promoted by Adam Smith, influenced the economic policies during and after the Industrial Revolution, it was not directly linked to the Magna Carta, which predated the Enlightenment and addressed the power of the monarchy and the rights of nobles in England.

Therefore, the correct matches for the given options would be:

1. United States Constitution is matched with the idea of the Separation of powers.
2. Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen is matched with the Social contract theory.

The Industrial Revolution and the Magna Carta do not match the other given ideas as they pertain to different aspects of history.

Answer 2

United States Constitution - Separation of powers

Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen - Social contract

Industrial Revolution - Laissez-faire economics

Magna Carta - Divine right of kings

The Enlightenment ideas led to several important historical achievements:

• The United States Constitution developed from the idea of separation of powers, which suggests that power should be divided among separate branches of government. This principle is reflected in the three branches of the U.S. government: executive, legislative, and judicial.

• The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen emerged from the concept of the social contract. This idea proposes that the legitimacy of a government comes from the consent of the governed, and that individuals have certain natural rights that should be protected by the government.
• The Industrial Revolution was influenced by the concept of laissez-faire economics, which advocates for minimal government intervention in the economy. This allowed for the development of capitalist systems and the growth of industries during the Industrial Revolution.

The United States Constitution exemplifies the principle of separation of powers, the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen stems from the social contract, the Industrial Revolution is connected to laissez-faire economics, and the Magna Carta is a challenge to the divine right of kings.

These achievements reflect the Enlightenment's influence on forming modern governmental and economic systems, advocating human rights and personal freedoms, and challenging old notions of hereditary rule.