The Maya civilization was a Mesoamerican civilization that developed in present-day Mexico and parts of Central America. They are known for their advanced culture, including a complex system of writing, mathematics, and astronomy. The Maya built impressive cities with temples and pyramids, practiced agriculture, and had a hierarchical society led by kings and nobles. They also developed a sophisticated calendar system. The civilization experienced periods of growth and decline, with many of their cities abandoned by the time of European contact in the 16th century. Today, the Maya's rich cultural heritage, including their art, architecture, and traditions, continues to be of great historical and archaeological significance.