Final answer:
The sample size refers to the number of trainees graduated by all cohorts. If there's only one cohort of 50 trainees, the sample size is 50. If there are multiple cohorts with 50 trainees each, the sample size would be the number of cohorts times 50.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question about the sample size of a study with new military basic training graduates who have each cohort graduating 50 trainees is a straightforward one. The sample size is the total number of trainees graduated from all the cohorts combined. If we assume that there is only one cohort as the question implies, then the sample size would be 50 trainees. However, if there were multiple cohorts and the 50 trainees is a repeated count for each one, then the sample size would be the number of cohorts multiplied by 50.