Final answer:
Post 1877, with the withdrawal of Federal troops, Southern politics saw a rise in the dominance of the Democratic Party and segregated policies which subverted civil rights gains made by African Americans during Reconstruction.
Step-by-step explanation:
After the final Federal troops were withdrawn from the South in 1877, the political situation drastically changed - a period referred to as the end of Reconstruction. There was a significant transformation in southern politics, with a marked rise in dominance of the Democratic Party which was also known as the home rule.
The Democrats largely succeeded in dismantling many of the civil rights gains that African Americans had made during the Reconstruction era, enacting segregationist and discriminatory laws referred to as 'Jim Crow Laws'. The South also reintroduced several old social and economic systems, including sharecropping, which effectively reestablished conditions similar to slavery for African Americans. Thus, the withdrawal of federal troops marked an onset of a deeply discriminatory period for African Americans in the South.
Learn more about Post-Reconstruction Era