Answer:
B. written laws
Step-by-step explanation:
The tablet of the Code of Hammurabi provides an extensive set of laws and regulations that were established by Hammurabi, the sixth king of Babylon, in ancient Mesopotamia around 1754 BCE. This code is one of the oldest known legal systems in human history and offers valuable insights into the social, economic, and cultural aspects of ancient Babylonian society.
The tablet consists of 282 laws written in Akkadian cuneiform script on a seven-foot tall basalt stele. It was discovered in 1901 by French archaeologist Gustave Jéquier in Susa, Iran (formerly part of Mesopotamia). The code is divided into three main sections: prologue, epilogue, and the laws themselves.
The prologue of the Code of Hammurabi provides a historical context and describes Hammurabi's divine mandate to establish just laws for his people. It emphasizes his role as a ruler chosen by the gods to bring order and justice to society. The prologue also highlights Hammurabi's efforts to protect the weak from oppression and ensure fair treatment for all.
The epilogue of the code serves as a conclusion and contains blessings for those who uphold the laws and curses for those who violate them. It reinforces the idea that adherence to the code is essential for maintaining social harmony and avoiding divine punishment.
The main body of the Code of Hammurabi consists of specific laws covering a wide range of topics such as property rights, trade regulations, family law, labor issues, criminal offenses, and administrative procedures. These laws address various aspects of daily life in ancient Babylonian society and provide insights into its legal system.
Some notable provisions in the Code of Hammurabi include regulations on marriage and family matters. For example, it outlines rules regarding dowries, divorce, inheritance rights, and obligations towards children. These laws reflect the patriarchal nature of ancient Babylonian society and highlight the importance of family structure and stability.
The code also includes laws related to trade and commerce, which indicate the significance of economic activities in Babylonian society. It covers topics such as contracts, loans, interest rates, and the responsibilities of merchants. These laws aimed to regulate commercial transactions and ensure fairness in business dealings.
Furthermore, the Code of Hammurabi addresses issues of social hierarchy and class distinctions. It establishes different penalties for offenses committed by individuals of different social statuses. This reflects the hierarchical structure of Babylonian society, where punishments were often based on a person's social standing.
In terms of criminal law, the code provides a list of crimes and their corresponding punishments. These punishments range from fines and compensation to physical punishments such as amputation or death. The severity of the punishment often depended on the social status of the victim and the offender.
It is important to note that while the Code of Hammurabi is a significant historical artifact, it does not represent a comprehensive legal system. It primarily focuses on specific cases and does not provide an exhaustive set of laws for all possible situations. Additionally, the code reflects the values and norms of ancient Babylonian society, which may differ from modern legal principles.
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