Question

How impulses pass from one neuron to another?​

Answer 1

Synaptic transmission is the method by which impulses move from one neuron to another. The primary process through which information is conveyed between neurons in the nervous system is synaptic transmission.

Step-by-step explanation:

Synaptic vesicles are specialised structures that release neurotransmitters when an action potential, or electrical impulse, reaches the terminal of a presynaptic neuron. The presynaptic neuron produces and stores neurotransmitter molecules in the form of these vesicles. The influx of calcium ions into the presynaptic terminal causes the release of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft. Voltage-gated calcium channels open when an action potential hits the terminal, allowing calcium ions to enter the cell. The presynaptic terminal's increased calcium concentration causes synaptic vesicles to fuse with the presynaptic membrane, releasing neurotransmitters into the synapses as a result. Neurotransmitters diffuse across the synaptic cleft after being released into the synapses where they attach to particular receptor molecules on the receiving neuron's postsynaptic membrane. Ion channels or G-protein coupled receptors are the most common types of these receptor molecules. A neurotransmitter can affect the postsynaptic neuron in an excitatory or inhibitory manner when it binds to its receptor. The geometry of the receptor and the chemical makeup of the neurotransmitter both play a role in how specifically neurotransmitters attach to their receptors. Every type of receptor has a preference for a single neurotransmitter or a cluster of similar neurotransmitters. Following neurotransmitter binding, the postsynaptic membrane experiences a sequence of modifications that either cause an action potential to be generated or inhibited.When the neurotransmitter has finished conveying the signal, the synaptic transmission is ended by removing it from the synaptic cleft. Several methods, such as reuptake by the presynaptic neuron, enzymatic breakdown, or diffusion away from the synapse, can cause this elimination.

Answer 2

Impulses pass from one neuron to another through a process involving neurotransmitters released into a synaptic gap, which triggers a response in the receiving neuron, allowing for the transmission of information in the nervous system.

Step-by-step explanation:

Impulses pass from one neuron to another through a process called synaptic transmission. Here's a simplified overview:

1. Action Potential: When a neuron receives a signal, it generates an electrical impulse called an action potential. This electrical signal travels down the neuron's axon.

2. Synaptic Vesicles: At the end of the axon, there are small sacs called synaptic vesicles containing neurotransmitters, which are chemical messengers.

3. Synaptic Cleft: The action potential reaches the synaptic cleft, a small gap between the sending neuron's axon terminal and the receiving neuron's dendrites.

4. Neurotransmitter Release: When the action potential reaches the axon terminal, it triggers the release of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft.

5. Receptor Activation: Neurotransmitters bind to receptor sites on the dendrites of the receiving neuron.

6. Postsynaptic Potential: This binding can generate a change in the voltage of the receiving neuron, leading to either excitatory or inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs or IPSPs).

7. Integration: The receiving neuron sums up these potentials, and if the net result is excitatory and reaches a certain threshold, it generates its own action potential.

8. Signal Transmission: The action potential travels down the receiving neuron, continuing the transmission of the signal.

9. Termination: Neurotransmitters are either broken down, reabsorbed, or diffused to terminate the signal and allow for the neuron to reset.

↪ This process allows for the transmission of information from one neuron to another, enabling communication within the nervous system.

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