Final answer:
The rules of priority for R,S configuration and E,Z systems prioritize atoms based on atomic number, carbon oxidation states, and the presence of multiple bonds. Functional groups, Alkenes and Alkynes, and Halogens follow these rules respectively.
Step-by-step explanation:
The rules of priority for the R,S configuration and the E,Z systems are a set of guidelines determining the configuration around a stereocenter, usually carbon, in organic molecules. For the R,S system, the priorities are based on atomic number, with higher atomic numbers assigned higher priority. If there's a tie, we consider the next atom along the chain. For the E,Z system, the priority rules are the same, but it's applied to the groups attached to the carbons in the double bond.
- Functional groups: their priority is based on their equivalent carbon oxidation state, so carboxylates and aldehydes are higher in priority than ketones, and so forth.
- Alkenes and Alkynes: if the molecule contains alkenes (C=C) or alkynes (C≡C), the carbon chain that has the double or triple bond will determine the priority.
- Halogens: they are lower priority compared to carbon due to their lower atomic number.
Learn more about R,S configuration and E,Z systems