Examining historical context when analyzing an argument is crucial as it provides insight into the circumstances, ideologies, and societal conditions that influenced the author's viewpoint. By understanding the historical backdrop, we can grasp the underlying motivations, biases, and limitations that may have shaped the argument. Additionally, historical context allows us to evaluate the argument's relevance, validity, and applicability to the specific time period in which it was presented. It helps us avoid anachronistic judgments and promotes a more nuanced understanding of the argument's significance within its historical context.