Answer:
Nurture refers to the environmental factors, experiences, and influences that shape an individual's development and behavior. It suggests that individuals are primarily shaped by their upbringing, social interactions, cultural experiences, and learning experiences. In the nature vs. nurture debate, the nurture perspective emphasizes the significant role of environmental factors and experiences in human development.
Several theorists have supported the nurture perspective, including:
1. John B. Watson: Often referred to as the father of behaviorism, Watson argued that human behavior is learned through conditioning and environmental factors. He believed that behavior can be shaped and modified through environmental influences.
2. B.F. Skinner: Skinner further developed behaviorism and posited that behavior is primarily influenced by reinforcement and punishment. He emphasized that learning occurs through environmental consequences and that behavior can be conditioned through reinforcement.
3. Albert Bandura: Bandura's social learning theory focuses on the role of observation and modeling in the learning process. He argued that people learn by observing others and imitating their behavior. Bandura also highlighted the importance of reinforcement and self-efficacy in influencing behavior.
4. Lev Vygotsky: Vygotsky's sociocultural theory emphasizes the role of social interactions and cultural influences on cognitive development. He believed that social interactions and collaborative learning with more knowledgeable individuals contribute to a child's intellectual growth.
5. Urie Bronfenbrenner: Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory highlights the impact of various environmental systems on human development. He proposed that individuals are influenced by multiple layers of the environment, including the microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, macrosystem, and chronosystem.
Five key terms related to the nurture viewpoint include:
1. Environmental Factors: Refers to the external influences that shape an individual's development, such as family, peers, schooling, cultural norms, and socioeconomic status.
2. Conditioning: The process through which behaviors can be learned or modified by associating them with specific environmental stimuli and consequences, leading to behavioral changes.
3. Learning: The acquisition of knowledge, skills, behaviors, or attitudes through experiences or interactions with the environment.
4. Socialization: The process by which individuals acquire the knowledge, values, beliefs, and social norms of their culture or society through social interactions.
5. Environmental Determinism: The belief that environmental factors are the primary determinants of an individual's development and behavior, suggesting that individuals' characteristics and actions are solely shaped by the environment.
These terms and perspectives highlight the significance of environmental influences in understanding human development and behavior from a nurture perspective. I hope it will help you