Answer:
Disaster management aims to minimize the impact of disasters and facilitate recovery. It involves several objectives, concepts, classifications, and a spectrum of activities:
1. Objectives:
- Mitigation: Reducing risks and vulnerabilities through measures like land-use planning, infrastructure development, and public awareness campaigns.
- Preparedness: Enhancing capacity to respond and recover by creating emergency plans, conducting drills, and stockpiling resources.
- Response: Providing immediate assistance and relief during and after disasters through search and rescue, medical care, and distribution of supplies.
- Recovery: Supporting the physical, social, and economic restoration of affected communities, including rebuilding infrastructure and providing financial aid.
2. Concepts:
- Risk: The probability and potential consequences of a hazardous event.
- Vulnerability: Susceptibility to disaster impacts based on characteristics or circumstances.
- Resilience: Ability to withstand and recover from disaster impacts.
- Capacity-building: Enhancing knowledge, skills, and resources to manage disasters effectively.
3. Classification:
- Natural disasters: Result from natural hazards like earthquakes, floods, hurricanes, and droughts.
- Technological disasters: Arise from accidents or malfunctions in technological systems, such as chemical spills or nuclear accidents.
- Complex emergencies: Include armed conflicts, civil unrest, and political crises leading to humanitarian emergencies.
4. Spectrum of activities:
- Prevention and mitigation: Reducing the occurrence and impact of disasters through measures like hazard mapping, early warning systems, and infrastructure reinforcement.
- Preparedness: Planning, training, and resource allocation to ensure an effective response, including creating evacuation plans and establishing communication networks.
- Response: Immediate actions to save lives, meet basic needs, and stabilize the situation, such as deploying emergency medical teams and distributing food and shelter.
- Recovery and reconstruction: Long-term efforts to restore affected areas, rebuild infrastructure, provide financial aid, and offer psychosocial support to affected communities.
Disaster management encompasses these objectives, concepts, classifications, and activities to minimize the impact of disasters and enhance resilience in communities and societies.
Step-by-step explanation: