Penderecki, a composer known for his experimental and innovative approach, challenged traditional composition rules by eliminating elements such as melodic lines, harmonic progressions, and meter signatures. He focused on textures and timbres, disregarded harmonic progressions, and explored unconventional chord progressions, creating tension and unpredictability in his compositions. Penderecki also broke away from the traditional use of meter signatures, which indicate beat organization, using irregular or changing meter signatures to create rhythmic complexity and asymmetry. In summary, Penderecki's innovative approach to music challenged conventional rules and opened new possibilities for musical expression.