In the novel "One Hundred Years of Solitude" by Gabriel García Márquez, Macondo is destroyed by a catastrophic event known as the "Great Banana Massacre" or the "Bananera Massacre." The destruction of Macondo is a result of the banana company's exploitation of the land and its people.
In the story, the banana company brings industrialization and modernization to Macondo, but at the cost of environmental degradation and the exploitation of workers. The banana plantation's reckless practices, such as the excessive use of pesticides, eventually lead to a disaster. The workers, suffering from the harsh conditions and mistreatment, rise up in rebellion.
During the rebellion, the military is called in, and a brutal massacre takes place. The soldiers open fire on the protesting workers, resulting in widespread bloodshed and devastation. The once prosperous and idyllic Macondo is left in ruins, both physically and metaphorically. The event marks the end of Macondo's innocence and the disintegration of the Buendía family's world.
The destruction of Macondo serves as a symbol of the larger themes in the novel, such as the consequences of colonialism, the cyclical nature of history, and the devastating impact of human greed and violence on society and the environment.