The behavior of buoyant objects, such as empty film containers, placed in a hydraulic jump depends on the upstream Froude number (Fr1) and their density. The Froude number is a dimensionless quantity that relates the flow velocity to the wave celerity and is given by Fr1 = V1 / (g * H1)^(1/2), where V1 is the velocity of the flow, g is the acceleration due to gravity, and H1 is the depth of the flow upstream of the jump.
If the Froude number is less than 1, it indicates subcritical flow, where the flow velocity is slower than the wave celerity. In this case, the hydraulic jump occurs and the buoyant objects placed in the flow will be pushed downstream due to the sudden increase in flow depth and decrease in velocity.
On the other hand, if the Froude number is greater than 1, it indicates supercritical flow, where the flow velocity is faster than the wave celerity. In this case, the hydraulic jump does not occur and the buoyant objects will be carried along with the fast-moving flow.
The density of the buoyant objects also plays a role in their behavior. If the density of the objects is less than the density of the fluid, they will float on the surface and be carried downstream. If the density of the objects is greater than the density of the fluid, they will sink and be carried along the bottom of the flow.
Swimming is not allowed in the spillway of a dam for several reasons. Firstly, the spillway is designed to handle high volumes of water flowing rapidly, which can create strong currents and turbulent conditions that are unsafe for swimmers. Additionally, the presence of submerged structures, such as gates or spillway piers, can pose hazards to swimmers. Finally, the water released through the spillway can often be cold and have poor visibility, making it difficult to swim safely. Therefore, for safety reasons, swimming is prohibited in the spillway of a dam.
In summary, the behavior of buoyant objects in a hydraulic jump depends on the upstream Froude number and their density. If the Froude number is less than 1, the objects will be pushed downstream in a hydraulic jump. If the Froude number is greater than 1, the objects will be carried along with the fast-moving flow. The density of the objects determines whether they float on the surface or sink. Swimming is not allowed in the spillway of a dam due to the hazardous conditions created by high volumes of rapidly flowing water, submerged structures, and poor visibility. MORE THAN 250 WORDS