The correct answers are A) It determines how the protein folds into a three-dimensional structure, and B) It retains and transmits important biological information.
The sequence of amino acids in a protein is crucial for its properties and functionality. Here's why:
A) It determines how the protein folds into a three-dimensional structure: The sequence of amino acids influences the folding of a protein into its unique three-dimensional shape. The specific arrangement of amino acids dictates the interactions between different parts of the protein, forming secondary structures like alpha-helices and beta-sheets, as well as the overall tertiary structure. The folded structure is essential for the protein to perform its specific biological functions.
B) It retains and transmits important biological information: The sequence of amino acids in a protein carries vital biological information. Different sequences encode different instructions for the protein's function, including enzymatic activity, receptor binding, structural support, and more. The specific arrangement of amino acids within the sequence determines the protein's characteristics and enables it to interact with other molecules in complex cellular processes.
C) and D) are incorrect: The storage of energy and provision of structural support for cells are roles typically associated with other biomolecules like carbohydrates (storage of energy) and proteins themselves (structural support), rather than specifically being attributed to the sequence of amino acids in a protein. Additionally, covering to avoid water loss is not directly related to the sequence of amino acids but could be a function of other protein-related structures like membranes or specific protein domains.