One of the biggest challenges of the Progressive Era was to address the problems caused by rapid industrialization and urbanization, including poverty, corruption, and social inequality. The Progressives sought to reform the political system, increase government regulation of business, and promote social welfare programs to address these issues. However, they faced opposition from powerful business interests and conservative politicians who opposed government intervention in the economy. Despite these challenges, many of the reforms enacted during the Progressive Era had a lasting impact on American society and helped to shape the modern United States.