Alauddin Khilji and Muhammad Tughluq were both prominent rulers in medieval India, known for their administrative measures. While there are similarities in some of their policies, there are also notable differences between the two. Here is a comparison of their administrative measures:
Revenue Reforms:
Alauddin Khilji: He implemented a system called the "Ghiyas-ud-Din Tughlaq's system" to streamline revenue collection. He introduced the "measurement of land" and imposed a fixed tax on agricultural produce.
Muhammad Tughluq: He introduced the token currency system known as the "Token currency of Delhi" to replace the existing currency. However, this measure faced significant challenges and was ultimately abandoned.
Market Control:
Alauddin Khilji: He introduced price controls to regulate the prices of essential commodities and prevent hoarding. This measure aimed to ensure fair prices for the common people during times of scarcity.
Muhammad Tughluq: He attempted to control the market by setting up state-controlled markets called "Shahr-i-Mandi." However, this centralized approach faced practical difficulties and was met with resistance.
Military Reforms:
Alauddin Khilji: He strengthened the military by introducing a system known as the "Chehra Chalan." This involved regular spy networks and an efficient intelligence system to maintain control over the nobility and prevent rebellions.
Muhammad Tughluq: He experimented with military reforms by recruiting soldiers from non-traditional backgrounds and using innovative tactics. However, these measures were met with mixed success.
Administrative Centralization:
Alauddin Khilji: He centralized administrative power by appointing trusted officials directly responsible to the sultan. He reduced the influence of nobles and established a strong central authority.
Muhammad Tughluq: He attempted to centralize administration through various measures, such as the transfer of the capital to Daulatabad and the implementation of a uniform administrative system. However, these efforts resulted in administrative chaos and discontent.
Overall, Alauddin Khilji focused on strengthening the military and centralizing administration, while Muhammad Tughluq had ambitious but often problematic ideas for administrative reforms. Both rulers left a lasting impact on the administrative history of medieval India, with Alauddin Khilji's measures being relatively more successful and enduring.
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