The answer is:
No, the student is not correct.
Work/explanation:
If 2 and 8 are factors of a number, then 16 is also a factor of that number.
This statement is not always true. Just because a number is divisible by 2 and 8 doesn't mean it is divisible by 16 as well.
I will use 24 as an example.
24 is divisible by 2 and 8, but it is not divisible by 16.