Question

Briefly explain the process of Translation.​

Answer 1

Answer and Explanation:

Translation is the process by which genetic information encoded in the form of mRNA is converted into a sequence of amino acids to synthesize a protein. It occurs in the cytoplasm of cells and involves several key steps:

1. Initiation: The process begins when the small ribosomal subunit binds to the mRNA molecule near the start codon. The initiator tRNA, carrying the amino acid methionine, binds to the start codon on the mRNA. The large ribosomal subunit then joins, forming a complete ribosome.

2. Elongation: During elongation, the ribosome moves along the mRNA molecule, reading the codons and bringing in the appropriate tRNAs with matching anticodons. Each tRNA carries a specific amino acid, which is added to the growing polypeptide chain. The ribosome facilitates the formation of peptide bonds between adjacent amino acids, linking them together.

3. Termination: The termination stage occurs when the ribosome reaches a stop codon (UAA, UAG, or UGA) on the mRNA. At this point, a release factor protein binds to the stop codon, causing the newly synthesized protein to be released from the ribosome. The ribosome then dissociates into its subunits, ready to initiate translation again.

Overall, the process of translation converts the genetic code carried by mRNA into a specific sequence of amino acids, ultimately leading to the synthesis of a functional protein. This process is crucial for the functioning of cells and is tightly regulated to ensure accurate and efficient protein production.

Answer 2

A brief explanation of the process of translation:

• Translation is the process by which the genetic information encoded in messenger RNA (mRNA) is used to synthesize a protein.
• mRNA is a single-stranded molecule of RNA that is transcribed from DNA. It contains the genetic information for a specific protein.
• The ribosome is a complex of proteins and RNA that is responsible for translating mRNA into protein.
• tRNA (transfer RNA) is a small RNA molecule that carries an amino acid to the ribosome.

The translation process occurs in three stages: initiation, elongation, and termination.

1. Initiation is the first stage of translation. In this stage, the ribosome binds to the mRNA and the first tRNA, which carries the amino acid methionine.
2. Elongation is the second stage of translation. In this stage, the ribosome moves along the mRNA, one codon at a time. As it moves, it adds amino acids to the growing polypeptide chain. Each amino acid is brought to the ribosome by a tRNA that has the complementary anticodon to the mRNA codon.
3. Termination is the third stage of translation. In this stage, the ribosome reaches a stop codon, which signals the end of the protein. The polypeptide chain is released from the ribosome and the ribosome dissociates.

Translation is a complex process that requires the coordinated action of many proteins. It is essential for the synthesis of all proteins in the cell.

Here is a diagram of the translation process:

Attachment:

The diagram shows the ribosome moving along the mRNA, one codon at a time. As it moves, it adds amino acids to the growing polypeptide chain. The tRNA molecules bring the amino acids to the ribosome, and the ribosome then links them together with peptide bonds. The process ends when the ribosome reaches a stop codon.