Answer:
The late nineteenth century saw two distinct but related developments that transformed southern Africa: the period of intense colonial intervention and the spread of Christianity throughout the region. Both of these developments had long-term impacts on many aspects of life in the region, from economic and political structures to social and cultural norms.
Colonial interventions came in many forms, with the British slowly incorporated existing African kingdoms and kingdoms into their own system of governance. This ushered in a period of increased regulation and control, in which local tradition and culture were repressed in favor of the new imperial order. Additionally, the period saw a dramatic expansion of European-owned commercial plantations and mines throughout the region, creating an economic power structure that favored foreign interests.